Benzoic acid is also produced when gut bacteria process polyphenols (from ingested fruits or beverages). }); Benzoic acid hazards – formation of benzene from benzoic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid, Benzoic acid. The European Food Safety Authority Panel noted the conclusions of the SCF 32) and JECFA 33), that there is evidence of a common and rapid route of metabolism of the salts of benzoic acid and the three benzyl derivatives benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate and benzaldehyde to benzoic acid and subsequently to hippuric acid. (Chang P and Ku K, 1993. 2009;20:414–418. Benzoic acid is a common ingredient in many common household items. Hamzah HH, Yusof NA, Salleh AB, Bakar FA. Benzoic acid is purified by rectification. This study showed no effect on growth, fertility, lactation or survival, and provided a NOAEL, for both the parental animals and the offspring, of 500 mg benzoic acid/kg body weight per day, the highest dose tested. Benzoic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid, a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. Fragen und Antworten zu Benzol in Erfrischungsgetränken und Karottensäften. JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives), 1996. The European Food Safety Authority Panel agreed with this conclusion. Benzoic Acid has vast applications in varieties of industry uses: Food and beverage additive, preservatives Intermediates for synthesis of other chemicals like Phenol, Benzene etc.. In the non-brand-loyal exposure scenario, the ADI was exceeded only for toddlers and children at the high level; at the mean level, there was no exceedance. From the regulatory benzoic acid maximum level exposure assessment scenario, the main contributing food categories to the total mean exposure estimates for infants and toddlers were flavored fermented milk products. Benzoic acid is generally recognized as safe; however, adverse effects related to allergic reactions, such as asthma, urticaria, asthma, rhinitis, anaphylactic shock, metabolic acidosis, and convulsions, have been reported in sensitive individuals following oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure to benzoic acid 10), 11). Air is the source of oxygen in this free radical reaction. 0.2 MPa with a cobalt naphthenate catalyst (0.1%). The European Food Safety Authority Panel considered that the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of calcium benzoate will be similar to sodium or potassium salt and, therefore, read-across between the salts was possible. It is a crystalline organic compound. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. Furthermore, anaphylaxis and urticaria have also been observed in sensitive individuals following exposure to benzoic acid and its salts at doses below the acceptable daily intake (ADI). Chang P and Ku K, 1993. Studies on benzene formation in beverages. JECFA has additionally reviewed benzoic acid as a flavoring substance. Reaction by-products include benzaldehyde, acetic acid, formic acid and benzyl alcohol. Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of benzoic acid as feed additive for pigs for fattening when used as acidity regulator and all animal species when used as a flavouring. It is commonly used as PH adjuster and also controls the growth of microbes as a preservative. 41) were summarized by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment 42). It is used in the manufacture of dyes called aniline blue. One of the components of toothpaste, mouthwash, and face wash creams is C 6 H 5. The oxidation reaction is a free-radical chain process. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate have also been evaluated by the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Consumers 29) and the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products 30). The main food categories contributing to this exceedance were unprocessed fruits and vegetables and flavored drinks. Benzoic acid is a compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent. Detailed information related to Benzoic Acid's uses, side-effects, reviews, questions, interactions, and precautions is as follows: The addition of benzoic acid to yogurt is not allowed, and the amount of benzoic acid in yogurt should not exceed 50 mg/kg 19). Other oil-soluble cobalt salts were also used as catalysts. When formaldehyde is dissolved in water, it is called formalin. Required fields are marked *. The results of short-term and subchronic studies on benzoic acid and its salts indicate that their toxicity is low. It was first prepared from coal tar. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2318. The bottom residue is extracted to recover the cobalt catalyst. The European Food Safety Authority Panel noted the absence of any indication of genotoxicity of benzoic acid and its salts in vivo, together with the negative results of limited carcinogenicity studies in rats and mice. EC (European Commission), 2007a. Benzene production from decarboxylation of benzoic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid and a transition-metal catalyst. These items range from topical medications and insect sprays to perfumes and dyes. JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives), 1997. The European Food Safety Authority Panel has evaluated benzoic acid as a supporting substance in its opinion on benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters from chemical group 23 and 30 26), in which it was concluded on the basis of the default maximized survey-derived daily intake approach that these substances would not give rise to safety concerns at the estimated levels of intake arising from their use as flavoring substances. Benzoic acid. This results in exceedance of the group acceptable daily intake (ADI) in toddlers and children for the non-brand-loyal scenario. This compound is also used in the manufacture of dyes and in insect repellants. The European Food Safety Authority Panel noted that the available carcinogenicity studies on benzoic acid and its salts did not indicate any carcinogenic potential, although they were not conducted in accordance with current test guidelines and had deficiencies both in terms of design and reporting. Benzoic acid is generally recognised as safe. Benzene, p. 322. Paint additives and coating additives Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its salts, and Benzyl Benzoate are used in a wide variety of cosmetics and personal care products, including baby products, bath products, soaps and detergents, eye makeup, blushers, cleansing products, make up products, as well as hair, nail and skin care products. Emerald’s Purox benzoates are produced to the highest purity available, minimum 99.9%, which ensures excellent taste and odor profiles. Sorbic and benzoic acid in non-preservative-added food products in Turkey. Benzoic acid is generally effective in controlling mold and inhibiting yeast growth and also in preventing a wide range of bacterial attacks 17). For children and adolescents, the main contributing food categories were confectionary, flavored drinks and processed fish and fishery products; while, for adults and the elderly, the main contributing food categories were processed fruit and vegetables and sauces. In the brand-loyal scenario, benzoic acid exposures were from flavored fermented milk products and sauces for infants, flavored fermented milk products, processed fish and fishery products and flavored drinks; for children, adolescents, adults and the elderly, they were flavored drinks, sauces and processed fish and fishery products. This unpublished study showed a LD50 for males of 2,742 mg benzoic acid/kg body weight and for females of 2,565 mg benzoic acid/kg body weight. WHO Food Additives Series 37. WHO, Geneva. WHO (World Health Organization), 2011. OJ L 283, 25.10.2003, p. 31–34. Food additive (e number) Treatment of metabolic disease Antiseptic agent Pharmaceutic aid: Preservative doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4353. 2-benzoyl Benzoic Acid 34. Aktualisierte FAQ des BfR vom 16. EFSA Journal 2008;6(3):660, 54 pp. Benzoic Acid and Derivatives, in ‘Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of industrial Chemistry’ pp 329-342, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. 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